Evaluation of Serum Calcium, Iron, and Vitamin D Homeostasis in Relation to Cataract in Western Iran

Background and objectives: Cataract formation is influenced by genetic, environmental, and biochemical factors, with growing interest in the role of micronutrients like calcium, iron, and vitamin D. This study aims to examine the relationship between serum levels of these nutrients and cataract prevalence in western Iran, highlighting the potential for nutritional intervention to address this common issue.
Methods: This study involved cataract patients (n=100) in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Kermanshah, and a control group (n=100) with similar lifestyle factors. Demographic information and medical histories were obtained through a standardized checklist. Red blood cell indices, serum iron, calcium, and vitamin D levels were determined and compared in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using R software.
Results: The study found no significant differences in vitamin D, calcium, iron, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) levels between the groups (all p > 0.05). Type 2 diabetes (OR = 3.19; 95% CI: 1.46, 6.99; p = 0.004) and hypertension (OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.18, 6.22; p = 0.020) were significantly associated with having cataract. Conversely, higher Hct concentrations (OR= 0.58; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.73; p < 0.001) were correlated with reduced odds of cataracts. Calcium, vitamin D, and iron levels did not show significant associations with cataracts (all p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Our study found lower hematocrit levels, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension as significant factors associated with increased odds of cataract.